The Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) Methodology is a systematic approach to evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives. It is used to determine options that provide the best approach to achieving benefits while preserving savings. Here’s a brief overview of the CBA Methodology:

• Purpose: CBA is used to ascertain if an investment or decision is sound by determining if its benefits outweigh its costs. It also provides a basis for comparing different investments or decisions¹.

• Applications: It is commonly used to evaluate business or policy decisions, commercial transactions, and project investments. For instance, regulatory bodies like the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission conduct CBAs before implementing regulations¹.

• Process:

  1. Defining Scope and Objectives: Establish what the project or decision is intended to achieve.

  2. Gathering Data: Collect data to ensure a robust analysis.

  3. Quantifying Costs and Benefits: Assign monetary values to all costs and benefits.

  4. Discounting Future Values: Adjust for the time value of money to express all flows of benefits and costs on a common basis in terms of their net present value.

  5. Analyzing and Comparing: Evaluate the total expected cost of each option against its total expected benefits.

  6. Presenting Results: Summarize the findings and make recommendations based on the analysis².

• Techniques: Related techniques include cost-utility analysis, risk-benefit analysis, economic impact analysis, fiscal impact analysis, and social return on investment (SROI) analysis¹.

• Decision Making: CBA helps predict whether the benefits of a policy outweigh its costs, relative to other alternatives, allowing for the ranking of alternative policies in terms of a cost-benefit ratio¹.

• Challenges: While CBA can offer an informed estimate of the best alternative, accurately appraising all present and future costs and benefits is challenging. Therefore, perfection in economic efficiency and social welfare is not guaranteed¹.

For a detailed guide on conducting a CBA, you can refer to resources such as Wikipedia’s comprehensive article on the subject, or step-by-step guides provided by project management resources¹³².